The Impact Of Immigration On The United States - 1721 Words

Compare and Contrast Essay Immigration has been a controversial topic for the United States for many years and immigration law, which is structured to import workers and family members (Posner, 2013), has been a concerned with mid-term elections and recent events. There has been a lot of attention in the media as of lately due to the entrance of over 57,000 unaccompanied Central Americans entering the country illegally. To take control of the situation Sen John Carnyn and Rep Henry Cuellar proposed a bill that would give birder control the opportunity in deciding rather children should be sent back immediately or if they should be allowed to have a court hearing. If they are allowed to have a court hearing, judges would then be required to make a final decision within seven days. The push for immigrants cases to be moved to an earlier date could undermine children’s rights and lead to a greater backlog of cases considering that it takes children longer to acquire lawyers and the chances of being grante d citizenship without a lawyer is significantly lower than the chances of staying if you had a lawyer which is nine out of ten. By speeding up the process such cases would be ignoring the due process rule, would create a higher risk of legal errors, and clients are not being properly aware of their changed court date. For example, in the passage the author mentioned the case in which two illegal immigrants were seeking shelter with their Guatemalan father in Virginia receivedShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1301 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The US Council of Economic Advisers on Immigration s Economic Impact. Population and Development Review, 33. 3, (2007), 641. Web. Feb. 2017. Immigration remains the subject of significant public and political debate in the United States. In May and June of 2007, a lot of public attention was concentrated on a debate in the U.S congress on legislation. The bill in front of the senate formally named the â€Å"Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007,† was controversialRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagespassed during that time that affected immigrants. America’s view at this time reflected that of strong Nativism. Several anti-immigration groups had their fair share of influence in political affairs that had a negative affect on certain groups. This paper will outline the events that led to three pieces of legislation. This paper will also highlight the impact on immigration and how the chosen pieces of legislation contributed to future legislation (if at all). The first piece of legislation highlightedRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesRecent immigration has not only increased since the end of World War 2, but also gained momentum, reaching numbers in the 1990s. The national origin of US immigrants also changed sharply over the past fifty years. Before 1960, the vast majority came from European countries or Canada. Even as late as the 1950s, more than two-thirds of all arrivals were from these countries. During 1960s, however, when family reunification criteria rather than national origin quotas became the basis for allocatingRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States971 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigrants in the United States? What is the impact of immigrants in the United States economic system? How can we define the history of immigration in the United States? According to Nancy Kleniewski, â€Å"It has often been said that the United States is a nation of immigrants. Immigration has been a long-term trend, but both the locations where immigrants settle and the places from which they come have changed over the years† (Kleniewski, 169). For a very long time in the United States, there seemsRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States1283 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complication that the United States goes through is the huge illegal immigration. Each year thousands of illegal immigrants enter the United States across the U.S.-Mexican border. The result is that the congress has mandated increased effortsRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesharm. Major impacts of immigration can be observed in several forms of a countries economic system such as employment opportunities for both immigrated workers as well as current citizens along with unemployment rates, wages, profit margins, the ability of local and international business’ to grow and the overall GDP of the specific country. For this paper specifically the developed country that will be analysed will be Australia. Considered to be one of the worlds â€Å"major immigration nations† (togetherRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1279 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Trans portation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complication that the United States goes through is the huge illegal immigration. Each year thousands of illegal immigrants enter the United States across the U.S.-Mexican border. The result is that the congress has mandated increased effortsRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1469 Words   |  6 Pagescontaining several scholarly articles such as JSTOR and GALE. Two sources that will be used to preforme OPVL are a personal interbore from a man who worked in downtown Houston during the 1990’s, and an article published examining the influx of immigration into Texas during the 1990’s Summary of Evidence- During the 1990’s there was an influx in foreign born population. In Texas the native born population was approximately 15,462,074 people. The foreign born population was 1,524,436 meaning thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On United States1989 Words   |  8 PagesThe Impact of Immigration on United States (U.S.) Economy Introduction In recent times, migration has been a major point of discussion at different international fora. According to the United Nations (UN), more than 175 million people, about three percent of world’s population, live and work permanently outside their countries of birth (UN, 2002). The changing faces of European migration, at the beginning of the new millennium is different from those of fifty years ago. Also, in the late 19th andRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1925 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration is a very broad topic, a topic that has been highly discussed in the past. However, what is the reason that most people think people migrate from Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, or Guatemala? Most would say it is because of job opportunities that will better their families. Some say it is because of the higher rate of freedom in the United States. However, not many people look at the hard environments back in the homelands of the immigrants. Maybe a big reason for crossing the border

Why Do People Like Scarry Movies Free Essays

For years people have been scared by horror movies and they continue going back. Alfred Hitchcock once said, â€Å"drama is life with the dull bits left out. † Why do people like to watch other people get hurt and die while being scared enough to make them jerk in their seat? Movie goers like horror movies because people in general have dull lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do People Like Scarry Movies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Males just use it as a opportunity to get close to their partner, while females like to get scared while in the presence of their â€Å"man. † Every day people simply get up, go to work, and come home for supper before going back to bed. People believe that their lives are boring. That is why horror movies are popular. Movie goers like to be able to see blood, guts, fingers and toes, while having the ability to simply walk away. People in general want to have suspense in their lives but want to be able to turn it off. As for men, they like to be frightened as well as women, but most of all men like the sex appeal of horror movies. Almost every horror movie made in the last 20 years has a young attractive female actor running around mindlessly. If men were not attracted to this, then producers obviously wouldn’t make movies this way. Men would also rather take their partner with them to see these kinds of movies. Men know their â€Å"female friend† will want to cuddle up! Women on the other hand want to have the fear factor but want their partner to be by their side. Most women movie goers will NOT watch a horror film alone. They want to feel the protection of their â€Å"man. † It allows them to be scared while feeling secure at the same time. Men of course don’t mind this at all. They planned on it! Most horror movies are made for the viewing age of 17 – 30. The people in this age group still enjoy going out on the weekends to get away from the pressures of school and work. Horror movies give excitement and suspense in the lives of movie goers. It presents trust between partners when the girl jumps in her seat and clenches the arm of her boyfriend. It makes men feel strong as if they are protecting their partner. Horror movies allow movie goers to have a little bit of the real world while knowing they can go home and rest comfortably in their own bed. How to cite Why Do People Like Scarry Movies, Essay examples

Comparison between Lion & Woolworth-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of using Social Networks in Business. Answer: Introduction This report depicts the role of social media in the business organizations and their positive and negative impact in the business organization. In order to prepare this report the selected organizations are Lion Nathan and Woolworths Limited two Australia based companies. Woolworths Limited is a retails industry and Lion is a food and beverage providing business both of the companies serves online as well as online in Australia and they are willing to serve their products and services within and out of Australia as well. For gaining measurable success from the competitive marketplace, different strategies have been adopted by the business organizations and based on those the companies are currently gaining profit. This report represents the objective of the project, the project scope. However, based on the literature review the financial stability and the profitability of the companies are also illustrated in this report. After identifying the risks associated to the companies it is necessary to identify proper risk mitigation approaches. Project objective To identify the role of social media in the developed business strategies of Woolworths Limited and Lion Nathan To identify the risks and risk mitigation strategies associated to Lion and Woolworths Limited To compare the financial stability and profitability Project scope After successful completion of the project it will be able to deliver the following In Scope: The advantages and disadvantages of social media in the business organization (Lion Nathan and Woolworths Limited) The risks and risks mitigation strategies associated to the organizations The comparison between the financial stability and profitability of both the companies Out scope: The administration details are not analyzed in this report The organizational structures are not considered The offline campaigning aspects are not analyzed in this report Literature review Role of social media in business organizations The social media networking array includes Titter, YouTube, Facebook, Google Plus etc helps to navigate different beneficial strategies for the business organizations. In order to promote the business throughout the world the social media play very important role. Not only this, but the social media acts as a marketing lead for the businesses also (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). In order to develop the existing consumer base and to grab huge number of consumers from the marketplace the social media is very much important. It helps to serve a much better service to the consumers. Apart from this, marketing is also done with the help social media. It provides several opportunities regarding marketing products and service as well. For advertisement purposes also social media is very helpful. The audiences who will follow the company online website through the social media could gain information regarding the current status of the companies. Through the help of blog post the companie s will be able to deliver their business status to the consumers. Real time updates are also available in social media application (Chandrasekaran and Raghuram 2014). The social media will be able to hit the clients through advertisements. The audience could communicate much frequently through the social media. Even if any changes occur then, the schedule changes updates will be easily reached to the consumers through the help of social media. However the business organizations could both positively and negatively impacted through the social media applications. The advantages and disadvantages of social media in the business operations and functionalities are elaborated below. Advantages of social media on business Achievement of valuable consumer insight: In the real time several data related to the consumers could be generated. The feedback of the consumers is posts in the social media like Facebook, twitter, Instagram etc. From the social listening the daily activities of the consumers can be detected and with their precious feedback the consumer insight can be gained (Putra 2013). In addition to this, the consumers could efficiently communicate with each other though the independent social media platform. Increment of brand loyalty and awareness: Through the help of social media application the consumers can connect themselves with the companies. The retention of the consumers and brand loyalty helps to enhance the brand loyalty of the companies and even the awareness are also enhanced with the help of the social media application. Generation of higher converting leads: With the help of regular interaction the companies will be able to gain huge number of consumers throughout the world. The amount of sales also gets enhanced and this is referred to as one of the most effective and efficient decision making direction providers (Bartman 2014). The companies who sales their products through online platform, are found to achieve much sales revenue than the offline service providers. However he selected organizations named as Lion and Woolworths Limited use both the online and offline selling platforms. Providing high consumer experiences: Due to frequent communication the consumers gain extreme high experiences from the social media application. Search for competitors: Social media gives opportunity to monitor the key information regarding different business organization those, who are biggest competitors to the nominated companies named as Lion and Woolworths Limited. Disadvantages of social media on business Account management: As the social media provides effective business benefit to the consumers thus proper management of the website is also very much necessary from the consumers and business aspects (Nakandala Lau and Zhao 2017). Social media account is required to be managed on time however if the developer fails to update the site properly then, the security, cost and time everything will be affected. Risks: Security risk is referred to as one of the most effective reasons behind the disadvantages of social media. If the system developers fail to adopt the accurate risk mitigation and security aspects then, several marketing associated risks will occur. Rather, the management team should check the updates not only regular basis but also at a timely manner, to avoid the risks associated to consumers comment (Arli et al. 2013). In addition to this proper control management in terms of virus and hijacking issue control, are required to be adopted by the management authorities of the organizations. Comparison of the financial stability and profitability of Woolworths Limited and Lion Nathan After analyzing the financial ratio of the company it has been found that, liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, capital structure ratio is the processes those are widely used by Woolworths Limited and Lion Nathan. Through the help of current asset and the current liabilities the liquidity ratio of Woolworths Limited is calculated. The current asset of the company is $7660900 and the value of liability is $9168600 thus the liquidity ratio of the company is 0.80 (Bajracharya and Hastings 2015). According to the trends on ROI, it has been found that the, operating profit of the company is $2146000 and the entire equity value is $25336800. The net profit margin of the company is $3067700. On the other hand, from the global financial report of Lion Nathan it has been found that, the business delivered the revenue of $687.4 and on the prior corresponding of the consequences. The prior corresponding period is enhanced by 6%. More than half of the beer market is covered by Lion Nathan (Safrudin et al. 2014). The Australian beer market is increased up to 6.3 % due to the delivery of different kinds of beer in the marketplace. The company has fallen from the $9.45 in January. However, currently due to the adoption of Information system he market growth is increased Figure 1: Market Growth model of Woolworths Limited (Source: Nakandala, Lau and Zhao 2017, pp-4182) Risks and its combat strategy Risks associated to Woolworths Limited and Lion Nathan After analyzing the market and financial stability of the companies it has been found that, both of the companies are facing internal as well as external risks. The external environment of the company of Woolworths Limited is negatively impacted due to its weak market strategy. The higher product prices of the companies are also restricted through the Australian government (Das Nair and Dube 2017). However, they fail to meet the changing needs of the consumers. Due to the presence of multiple business options, the company fails to serve the suitable business strategy. Additionally, extreme completion level, the company is significantly getting affected. On the other hand, the products of Lion like prima tropicool and other fruit drinks are damaging the brand image of the company. The volume is getting declining for the Lions Beer, spirit and wine as well. Due to high level competition in the beverage market, the trust level is getting deficit. As the company is unable to serve their products outside Australia thus, due to lack operation limitation the revenue of the company is getting affected. Coca Cola, Frucor are the biggest competitors to Lion. Risk mitigation strategies developed for Woolworths Limited and Lion Nathan Risk mitigation strategies in Woolworths Limited Risk mitigation strategies in Lion Nathan Through periodic review the risk profile of the company are adopted. Risk aware culture should be adopted and risk management and compliance committee are also developed to mitigate the material level business risks of the company (Maimela 2016). In order mitigate most of the issues associated to Lion the company has developed proper team management and compliance programs. Divisional leadership and managers are required to be adopted by the management authority to drive the risk ware culture if the companies and developing the responsibilities of the companies. For ensuring the management the company has developed due diligence procedure to corporate the mergers and acquisition. In addition to this the legal, financial treasury and the tax associated issues are also mitigated with the help of business leadership team development. Instead of upward and downward communication approaches the company has developed open communication in order to make the employees feel free to communicate with the managers of the company (Dakora and Bytheway 2014). Not only this, but also proper monitoring and collaboration aspects also developed by the management authority of Woolworths Limited. External audit is another important factor adopted by the Lion Nathan company to mitigate the control level issues and change management issues. Besides, the offline service the company has adopted online services too, to deliver their services within and outside Australia regardless of the location of the clients and access time of the consumers as well. For quality improvement different technical level services are also adopted by the company. Even the specified risk area of the company are identified and based on that certain tool and strategies are developed in Woolworths Limited. The different aspects those are considered for developing the risk management strategies for Lion Nathan, include stakeholder reporting, product integrity and information system as well (Jones 2014). The company has implemented Information System for developing their existing marketing scheme and strategy. With the help of information system the Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system the overall operation of the business organization will be completely mitigated. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, social media plays important role in the business organizations, for promoting their business within and out of Australia. In order to understand the role of social media it is very much necessary to understand the business strategies and after understanding the role of business strategies, how the social media is directly and indirectly associated to that is also represented in the report. Due to frequent economic inflation in the market the profitability of the organizations are also affected both positively as well as negatively. In order to represent the report, Lion Nathan food and beverage serving companies and the revenue status of Woolworths Limited are compared and demonstrated in this report. Not only this but also it has been found that, different risk are associated to the companies. In order to mitigate the issues associated to Lion and Woolworths Limited proper, risk mitigation strategies are also developed by the co mpanies. Those aspects are clearly compared to each other References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., and Soldo, E. 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Arreola Hernandez, J., Hammoudeh, S., Nguyen, D. K., Al Janabi, M. A., and Reboredo, J. C. 2017. Global financial crisis and dependence risk analysis of sector portfolios: a vine copula approach.Applied Economics,49(25), 2409-2427. Bajracharya, B., and Hastings, P. 2015. Public-private partnership in emergency and disaster management: Examples from the Queensland floods 2010-2011.Australian Journal of Emergency Management,30(4), 30. Bartman, L. 2014.Doing business in Africa: guidelines for new entrants(Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Bolton, T. A. R. R. E. N. 2015. The state of the South African poultry industry.Supermar. Retail,3, 17-23. Chandrasekaran, N., and Raghuram, G. 2014.Agribusiness Supply Chain Management. CRC Press. Dakora, E. A., and Bytheway, A. J. 2014. Entry mode issues in the internationalisation of South African retailing.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(4), 194. Das Nair, R., and Dube, S. C. 2017. Growth and Strategies of Large, Lead Firms-Supermarkets. Davis, D., Chelliah, J., and Minter, S. 2014. New product development processes in the Australian FMCG industry.Contemporary Management Research,10(1), 3. Gitman, L. J., Juchau, R., and Flanagan, J. 2015.Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jones, G. V. 2014. WEDNESDAY 12 NOVEMBER 2014.How the Australian table grape industry looks to the rest of the world,106. Maimela, E. 2016.Development of an integrated, evidence-based management model for chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors, in a rural area of Limpopo Province, South Africa(Doctoral dissertation, University of Limpopo). Nakandala, D., Lau, H., and Zhao, L. 2017. Development of a hybrid fresh food supply chain risk assessment model.International Journal of Production Research,55(14), 4180-4195. Putra, Y. H. S. 2013. FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING APPROACH FOR DECISION MAKING: A CASE ON FOOD RETAILER COMPANY.El Muhasaba: Jurnal Akuntansi,2(1). Safrudin, N., Rosemann, M., Recker, J. C., and Genrich, M. 2014. A typology of business transformations.The 360 Business Transformation Journal,2014(10), 24-41. Stickley, A. P., Christensen, S. A., Duncan, W. D., and Buchbach, J. 2015. Natural hazards and land use planning: How resilient must a landowner be?. InProceedings of the RICS COBRA 2015 Conference(pp. 1-9). RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors).

Oedipus The King Essay Example

Oedipus The King Essay Determination and Strength: An essay about Oedipus the King The play Oedipus the King by Sophocles attempts to portray Oedipus (King of Thebes) as an extremely powerful and dignified man. Throughout the play, the classic story of Oedipus comes to life and the audience comes to see that no matter how bad Oedipus life seems to get, he steadily maintains his nobility and trustworthiness. Sophocles lets the reader know in the beginning that Oedipus fate has been predetermined: that he will kill his father and marry his mother. Although Oedipus does not know this, the reader does, thus making Oedipus out to be not just a king but a person as well. Throughout the play the audience sees Oedipus power, strength, and dignity. Although Oedipus attitude changes throughout the play, we still see him as an extremely noble and trust-worthy man. The audience sees Oedipus change of character three times throughout the play. At the beginning of the play Oedipus is a great king with extreme strength, later we see him as more of a tyrant opposed to a king and lastly Oedipus demeanor changes once again to a fearful and humiliated man who maintains his dignity even at his greatest defeat. At the end however, Oedipus indeed proves himself to stay dignified. Oedipusfirst shows us to be a confident and powerful hero when he solves the riddle of the Sphinx, who has Thebes under lock and key. Despite the fact that the Sphinx threatened anyone to death who answered the riddle incorrectly, Oedipus was determined and here was when we see his bravery. After correctly solving the riddle the Sphinx frees the city of Thebes and Oedipus becomes famously known for his bravery leading him to become King of Thebes, as the people state, You cut us loose from the bloody tribute we had paid that harsh, brutal singer. We taught you nothing, no skill, no extra knowledge, still you triumphed (44-47).

A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay Example A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay Planning is no longer aA fashionableA construct peculiarly after the prostration of socialism in the recent yesteryear and which has exerted the influence upon the environment ( Evans, 1995 ) . It is the portion of land usage planning system which used to equilibrate the developments in future in context of economic, societal and environment countries. Harmonizing[ 2 ]to Davies, A N, Planning is theA processA of settingA ends, developingA schemes, and outliningA tasksA andA schedulesA to carry through the ends and it is a tool for counsel and facilitation for assorted countries like regeneration and development . Harmonizing[ 3 ]to Lewis Keeble, Planning is the art and scientific discipline of telling the usage of land and the character and siting of edifices and communicating paths so as to procure the maximal operable grade of economic system, convenience and beauty . Since the postwar planning system was put into topographic point in Britain, Major alterations have taken topographic point during this clip in society, the economic system, and the political scene some of which have been touched upon in this rapid overview. In these altering frames, town and state planning has grown into a series of different policy countries which gave different waies for the profession. As the profession underwent a figure of alterations, the development of assorted Acts of the Apostless, policies, models and counsel notes came into being. Harmonizing to Evans, B. , The British planning has emerged out from peculiar fortunes like economic, political and cultural as a signifier of land usage control which is different to the emerged systems in other states. The essay analyzes the critical adequateness of Royal Town Planning Institute`s ( RTPI ) Code of Conduct in other visible radiation of ethical concerns which are besides an of import concerns in be aftering actions/decisions. It begins with debut about RTPI`s Code of Conduct, distinguish between moralss, ethical issues and every bit good as between Codes of Conducts and Codes of Ethics. It so describes the statements between different writers about ethical quandary in the context of be aftering theory, altering function of professional contrivers due to facing of ethical issues/dilemmas and unfavorable judgment of the RTPI Code of Conduct in different ethical concerns like personal, societal and environmental etc because the engagement of political/personal concerns, societal reforms and environmental protection/concerns were added to the planning actions/decisions over the clip. So it s truly of import to analyse the Code of Conduct in their context. It concludes by looking over dif ferent ethical concerns critically to happen out the importance of Code of Conduct for future in the context of different ethical concerns. In the British Planning pattern system, The Royal Town Planning Institute ( RTPI ) is a dynamic administration taking the manner in the creative activity of topographic points that work now and in the hereafter[ 4 ] . The RTPI has its ain professional Code of Conduct as last amended on January 2007. The Professional Code of Conduct sets out that how the members of RTPI should act among their all the professional activities and moralss. It has besides numbered clauses which are more elaborate, explains the Code of Conduct. Ethical motives are defined[ 5 ]as the moral quality of an action or the rightness . It is of import to separate the moralss and ethical issues. Ethical motives are helpful to steer the contrivers in their day-to-day professional work agenda while ethical issues majorly focused upon the moral correct behaviours and affect conflicts/dilemmas about the right/wrong terminals and rules. Within the planning profession there are codifications of behavior ( RTPI, adopted 1994 ) and codifications of moralss. It is of import to distinguish these: a codification of moralss is comprised of airy statements sing the normative and ethical facets of the profession While a codification of behavior has certain guidelines/regulations for professional behaviour including struggle of involvement and professional competency ( Hendler 1991 ) . The moralss of competency, unity and equality are the chief aims in the intents of RTPI`s Code of Conduct among their all the professional activities and Code of Conduct is besides giving accent to personal, professional and political ethical models. Planing theory is besides depicting the ethical quandary of different sectors which are like environment, societal and economic etc. Harmonizing[ 6 ]to Campbell S A ; S. Fainstein S. , Planing theory in itself, is a slippery topic and accounts are frequently frustratingly pleonastic or disappointingly prosaic Consequently it appears as convergence with theory in all subjects of societal scientific disciplines and it s difficult to restrict the range of planning. Harmonizing to William L. , contrivers are torn between public, functioning professionals and fellow members. So this quandary is farther complicated by the extension of be aftering actions and struggles between the different sectors like environment, societal and economic development and these struggles creates jobs non merely in be aftering actions every bit good as in professionals and in the whole planning procedure. The altering function of contrivers over the clip is besides a one of ground for the addition in facing of profession by ethical issues. These alterations can be measured from two positions as Change in the planning profession itself over clip and alterations in the manner in which public and clients perceive planning professionals and their profession. Planners have seen in different function theoretical accounts over the clip and late they are seen to be more synergistic, interchanging cognition and thoughts with clients and a broad scope of other interested parties ( Healey 1991 ) . Now contriver is recognized as expertness, is more to cover with interchanging ideas/knowledge alternatively of bordering policies and study Hagiographas. Harmonizing to Prior ( 2000 ) , the current function of contriver is seems to be as a go-between between different involvements in land development and Forester ( 1989 ) besides gave examined planner`s current function as a facilitator who is helpin g others instead than a proficient expert. Thomas and Healey ( 1991 ) besides describe[ 7 ]planning as a multi-disciplinary field pulling on diverse Fieldss of cognition. Planners must be able to pull together these diverse Fieldss and co-ordinate bureaus with different cognition and duties. Every state has its ain organic structures ( Government/NGO`s ) for guaranting the equality among different groups in the society. The RTPI Code of Professional behavior under No.2, It mentions the equality and riddance of favoritism in the context of sex, faith, disablement, age and sexual orientation in all the professional activities among members As ; others. In the 1970s, to turn to the new inquiries and ends, an effort was done to broaden them by knocking the professional codification of behaviors by Howe, Kaufman and Marcuse. Harmonizing to them, as they were knocking the professional planning codifications from the UK, Canada A ; USA, some of the codifications in UK have no mentions to the moralss, and they are merely adverting some general footings related with moralss and in some, more accent on personal moralss of single contrivers. The RTPI Code of Conduct besides mentions that the members have to maintain their personal, private, political and fiscal involvements separate from their professional responsibilities so that they should execute their responsibility without any break and take steps/precautions clip by clip to maintain them separate from professional duties but harmonizing to Marcuse ( 1976 ) ,[ 8 ] In most instances, even the regulations for stating right from wrong are non clear. Duties to clients conflict with duties to the populace ; following professionally recognized criterions of behavior green goodss consequences repugnant to most laypersons ; professional unity and democratic determination doing seem to conflict ; the bounds of professional concern are hazy. Marcuse besides mentioned that the bing ethical and professional criterions are frequently inherently inconsistent, conflicting and contradictory with the profession`s public oriented image. So finally they are a weak usher to ethical behavior for practising contrivers. The struggle between the positions of elective members and the professional contrivers is besides another quandary. As elective members have different positions[ 9 ]compared to contrivers because members are typically interested in acquiring ballots which can resultant in different positions A ; precedences for a member. So an elective member may hold different precedences for developments in territory as like social/economic alternatively of environmental and ultimately it conflicts with the positions of contrivers because contrivers are responsible for the development of all the sectors and the prioritized issues but in RTPI Code of Conduct, it doesn`t have no mentions or guidelines for such issues/conflicts between elected members and professional contrivers. It s true that contrivers should move professionally but it is besides of import non to take the colored steps/planning actions under any force per unit areas of elective members or other force per unit area groups. Even Harmonizing[ 10 ]to Brewster R. , there are opportunities of struggles between the positions between elected members/representatives and the contrivers working in the local Government and it s important to guarantee the successful completion of be aftering actions . Harmonizing[ 11 ]to Friedman, It may be a biggest job in apprehension and theorizing of planning , in his paper on be aftering research and he mentioned the attack of be aftering research by promoting contriver research workers to place the existent state of affairss of metropolis political relations with planning to turn to the inquiry of power. From point of position of be aftering research and issues related with it, a really small treatment of ethical issues related to be aftering research has done compared to ethical issues associating to be aftering merely ( Hendler,1995 ) [ 12 ]. While in the unfavorable judgment of professional Codes of Conduct done by Howe and Kaufman, ( 1979 ) ; Marcuse, ( 1976 ) shows that there is no direct reference/link to be aftering research in these codifications, as these codifications are for the ordinance of be aftering profession but which is a different activity from research. So planning research is a portion of planning actions/decisions wh ich besides deals with the same ethical issues/dilemmas every bit good as to place assorted specific issues like related with power, political relations etc. Social Justice There are important displacements over the clip in ethical judgements which were informed by impressions in the context of societal and ethical concerns ( Watson, V. , 2006 ) . Harmonizing[ 13 ]to David Harvey, The societal justness is ideally based upon the rules of equal worth of all, shelter and other basic comfortss, chances for all and extinguishing the inequalities from society . The equal distribution among persons is a simple significance of societal justness ( Ernesto M. , 2008 ) . The issues of societal justness are a premier concern in the context of development, socio-economic facets. There are figure of illustrations of unfairness in the signifier of suppression, unequal chances, unfairness etc. Harmonizing to ( Okin, 1989 ) , Feminists have complained that the rules of justness do non use to the household, and therefore, can non procure equal justness for adult females and kids and he besides suggests about the gender neutrality of the original place which will guard against gender favoritism While Rawls notes that the rules of justness apply straight merely to structuring the basic societal establishments ; they do non use to structuring voluntary associations, including the household. The societal issues like equality and riddance of favoritism can be eliminated as mentioned by RTPI Code of Conduct and It will besides assist to keep the equal distribution of societal benefits and loads of the society at all the degrees of Government but the influence of the category and professional background of contrivers in bring forthing the cultural bias in their attitudes and attempts in the planning profession and addition in the societal group s consciousness and engagement can besides impact the professional moralss and be aftering actions in footings of personal behaviours and clip deadlines for applications. The communities and force per unit area groups are going more cognizant, demanding so the contrivers are confronting ethical issues which become more of import and increased. As a consequence, contrivers encouraged to interact with communities/groups but at some phases these involvements/interactions with communities creates force per unit area on the planning actions and every bit good as on planning professionals. The increased engagement of community groups was identified[ 14 ]by peculiar Councils as an increasing challenge confronting territory Councils in the planning actions in footings of making more ethical quandary for contrivers. Harmonizing to Marcuse`s ( 1976 ) unfavorable judgment of the inexplicit preservation of the ethical treatments and codifications of patterns which ignores the societal values and moralss while the single actions which can assist, remains in the procedure because of single concerns as due to their nature and concentrate on persons behaviors and neglects the conditions and supports which can assist towards ethical concerns. Even Harmonizing to Wachs ( 1985 ) , work on be aftering moralss has focused on the codifications and the single contrivers behavior is more alternatively of societal ethical concerns in the planning codifications of moralss. Healy ( 1991 ) besides identified[ 15 ]the differentiation between professional related pattern and scholarly pattern and different relationships between be aftering research and planning pattern. So she besides recognized that scholarly researches every bit good as planning research are non much in pattern. Environmental Justice Environmental Justice is a subset of societal justness concerned with the environmental effects ( Ernesto M. , 2008 ) . As like Social justness, contrivers are confronting the most of import alteration in all over the alterations is the environment. The importance of environment has been increased as it is confronted for figure of jobs and issues in recent clip. So now the authorities/agencies are besides concerned about environmental justness as like societal justness. As economic growing was the chief purpose of local governments and the professional contrivers but late and even since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, the environment and sustainable development have become major issues. This introduces a whole new field of idea to contrivers, viz. Environmental Ethical motives. Environmental moralss can be defined as that country of idea and moral discourse covering with our ethical responsibilities to, and comparative to, the natural environment ( Beatley 1994 ) . There are figure of statements on this point of position by contrivers and environmental bureaus in the visible radiation of the increasing importance of the environment and it has lead to an addition in the issues that contrivers must see which accordingly creates farther ethical issues. So like other ethical issues, environmental justness issues are besides of import concerns in the planning actions and how we can turn to all these ethical issues and what weight can be provided to environmental issues in be aftering actions, what issues are more of import. Presents in the urban signifiers, the effects or issues related to environmental jeopardies need more concern as like other developments. So to place the solutions for these sorts of issues and their prioritization in be aftering actions, there is no mention given in the RTPI Code of Conduct. Decision The RTPI Code of Conduct sets out the professional patterns and processs for the planning members to execute their professional responsibilities for the better and safe hereafter waies for society. The RTPI Code of Conduct is peculiarly merely oriented to the members of the planning profession which are working in the planning and development sector to guarantee that the determinations should be appropriate and transparent. As the planning professionals are ensured by Code of Conduct towards their professional services, it can assist to accomplish the better environment for them and society in the visible radiation of those ethical concerns but Kaufman and Marcuse reviewed the Codes which explains the deficiency of proper citing to moralss, but it gives merely a mention to general footings, They besides identified the struggles between the statements like `Loyalty to public and to the one`s patron. From Planing theory point of position, it is besides concerned about the different ethical issues between different concerns like environment, societal and economic etc. Harmonizing to assorted writers, it s difficult to specify the exact range and bounds of be aftering theory and planning in it and the function of contrivers is besides under such fortunes that the contrivers are confronted by ethical issues every bit good as by the field. So this quandary is farther complicated by the extension of be aftering actions and struggles between the different sectors and these struggles confronted by be aftering actions every bit good as in professionals and in the whole planning procedure. The RTPI Code of Conduct will assist to the planning professionals to put out unfastened, just and crystalline planning determinations based upon sound judgements and justified grounds and the Code of Conduct besides sets out farther Auxiliary ordinances and Bye Laws about the continuity of professional development, be aftering assistance etc can be helpful to immature planning professionals to face the ethical issues. From point of position of other ethical concerns, Social justness and Environmental justness are besides premier concerns in future planning actions/decisions. As the essay analyses the importance of societal and environmental concerns and why they are more concerned in present and future scenario`s so it becomes an of import portion of such ordinances or Code of Conduct to give accent towards these concerns. Furthermore, the addition in communities and bureaus awareness demands more outlooks from professional contrivers to set about these concerns every bit good. From point of position of Planning research there are no links to the planning research, as these codifications guides the profession which is wholly different activity from research. So we can non use the Code of Conduct straight to the planning research. However, The RTPI Code of Conduct guides the professional contrivers for or encourages the higher degree contrivers to back up and promote other contrivers to keeping the professional criterions and following the guidelines of Code of Conduct and to cover with the and discourse the ethical issues/dilemma so that they can be farther researched by professional contrivers. For Instance, if we think about the planning determinations and services without the set of patterns and processs given by RTPI`s Code of Conduct or other ordinances in be aftering field, it can make an un-planned and hit-or-miss state of affairs for the planning professional every bit good as for society. So at the last, for the better planning hereafters and right determinations, we need appropriate changes/developments in the planning system in the signifier of rules/regulations, such Code of Conducts, policies which can assist the professionals to accomplish aims of be aftering profession. As The RTPI Code of Conduct is helpful up to an extent for the planning profession to prosecute the contrivers with the set of processs and guidelines but in future there is a still demand of farther additions/modifications in it. So that it can cover bing and future coming spreads in it and can direct the planning professional for better tomorrows and turn to the other major ethical concerns like societal and environmental concerns.

How to Substitute for Baking Powder and Baking Soda

How to Substitute for Baking Powder and Baking Soda Baking powder and baking soda both are leavening agents, which means they help baked goods to rise. They arent the same chemical, but you can substitute one for another in recipes. Heres how to work the substitutions and what to expect: Substitute for Baking Soda:Using Baking Powder Instead of Baking Soda You need to use two to three times more baking powder than baking soda. The extra ingredients in baking powder will affect the taste of whatever you are making, but this isnt necessarily bad. Ideally, triple the amount of baking powder to equal the amount of baking soda. So, if the recipe calls for 1 tsp. of baking soda, you would use 3 tsp. of baking powder.Another option is to compromise  and use twice the amount of baking powder as baking soda (add 2 tsp. of baking powder if the recipe calls for 1 tsp. of baking soda). If you choose this option, you might wish to omit or reduce the amount of salt in the recipe. Salt adds flavor but it also affects rising in some recipes. Substitute for Baking Powder: How to Make It Yourself You need baking soda and cream of tartar to make homemade baking powder. Mix 2 parts cream of tartar with 1 part baking soda. For example, mix 2 tsp of cream of tartar with 1 tsp of baking soda.Use the amount of homemade baking powder called for by the recipe. No matter how much homemade baking powder you made, if the recipe calls for 1 1/2 tsp., add exactly 1 1/2 tsp. of your mixture. If you have leftover homemade baking powder, you can store it in a labeled, zipper-type plastic bag to use later. Cream of tartar is used to increase the acidity of a mixture. So you cant always use baking soda in recipes that call for baking powder. Both are leavening agents, but baking soda needs an acidic ingredient to trigger the leavening, while baking powder already contains an acidic ingredient: cream of tartar. You can switch baking powder for baking soda, but expect the flavor to change a little. You might wish to make and use homemade baking powder even if you can purchase commercial baking powder. This gives you complete control over the ingredients. Commercial baking powder contains baking soda and, usually, 5 to 12 percent monocalcium phosphate along with 21 to 26 percent sodium aluminum sulfate. People wishing to limit aluminum exposure might do better with the homemade version. Do Baking Soda and Baking Powder Go Bad? Baking powder and baking soda dont exactly go bad, but they do undergo chemical reactions sitting on the shelf for months or years that cause them to lose their effectiveness as leavening agents. The higher the humidity, the faster the ingredients lose their potency. Fortunately, if youre concerned theyve been in the pantry for too long, its easy to test baking powder and baking soda for freshness: Mix a teaspoon of baking powder with 1/3 cup hot water; lots of bubbles means its fresh. For baking soda, dribble a few drops of vinegar or lemon juice onto 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda. Again, vigorous bubbling means its still good. Baking powder and baking soda arent the only ingredients you might need to substitute in a recipe. There are also simple substitutions for ingredients such as  cream of tartar, buttermilk,  milk, and different types of flour.

To what extent does personality predicts employee performance Essay

To what extent does personality predicts employee performance - Essay Example Moreover, this practice rewards HR professionals with sustainability and confidence inside the organization as they can foresee unwanted reactions and responses. Personality analysis is crucial to use in HR practices to advance hiring practices, predict behaviours and motivate employees at work. Personality tests as a common practice in HR management were developed as a result of meta-analytic studies in 90s. According to Hakstian & Ng (2005, p. 405), initially they were appraised because their results granted predictability and validity of employees’ performance. Since then personality tests have been actively integrated in HR management. Most of these tests are based on â€Å"Big Five† personality model. According to it, there are five main personality variables which influence people’s behaviour; they include openness to experience, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and consciousness (Judge et al. 1999, p. 624). HR professionals design tests in order to identify these factors in each personality. Companies tend to conceal their testing practices as they exist for internal use only. It is the reason why there are not many sources available in regard to the studied issue. At the same time, there are some surveys, publications written by HR professionals and corporate reports which reveal that personality tests are successfully integrated in HR practices all over the world. For example, according to Rothstein & Goffin (2006, p. 155), 30% of corporations in the United States used special personality tests in their hiring procedures in 2003. Personality measures can target different characteristics of current or potential employees; they can test integrity, performance effectiveness or personal expectations. Integrity tests remain the most popular and one of the most complicated to analyse. Rothstein & Goffin (2006, p. 155) state that there are around 5 million applicants who do this tests and 20% of the Human Resource

Death of a Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Death of a Salesman - Essay Example Plot The plays shows that Willy Loman has just returned back home and is quite exhausted due to cancellation of a business trip. Being concerned about Loman’s mental disturbances due to a car crash, his wife advises him to inform his boss that he would work in his home city in order to avoid travelling. Loman informs about his concern to his wife regarding their son as he was not doing well in his life as he had failed to pass the math test during his senior year and did not participate in collegiate level of education. Happy is the second son of Loman and in the play he discusses and recalls his childhood life with his brother. They exchange ides about the depleting state of their father’s cognitive health as he had a habit of conversing with himself. On the other hand, Loman is quite angry with his sons because both of them have failed to achieve success in life. At the moment, the sons reveal that Biff had a business plan in mind just to calm their father down. The v ery next day, Loman approaches his boss asking to work within the home town and Biff proposes his business plan, but both of them fail in their jobs. Loman looses his job as his boss deems him as unfit to work and be a representative of the company. On the other hand, Biff waited for long hours to meet his previous boss, but his boss doesn’t recognize him and asks him to leave. Out of anger, Biff steals a fountain pen from his prior boss. On the other hand Loman meets his colleague, Charles whose son, Bernard has developed into a successful lawyer. Bernard informs Loman that during summer session of school, Biff was quite positive about him and wanted to do something worth while in his life but due to certain events in Boston, he decided otherwise. S Next both the sons and father meet up for dinner where Loman looses his temper and recalls the moment when Biff had come to meet his father and found that his father was with another women in a hotel room and since that day, Biff and his father started departing from each other. Biff and Happy both exit the restaurant leaving their father alone in the restaurant. When they returned back home, their mother scolds them for dumping their father and Loman sits outside while he converses with himself. Later Biff tries to make things better between him and his father but this leads to another heated conversation between both of them where Biff states that he is worthless and he is similar to an ordinary human being and both the father and the son have same characteristics. The scene ends where Biff consoles to his father that he loves him and informs his father that he should not expect something extra ordinary from him. After this event Willy realizes that Biff has forgiven his wrongdoings and would now try to become a businessman and to finance Biff, Loman kills himself so his son can obtain finances form insurance company. But Biff continues not to pursue business, while Happy decides to fulfill his fatherâ₠¬â„¢s dreams. Character Analysis The four main characters of the play includes: Willy Loman, his wife Linda Loman, his sons, Biff and Happy Loman. Willy Loman is a salesman and is 60 years old, he lives in the past and he is represents the attitude of a child. His childish attitude is supported with his first name Willy which might appear like a question of â€Å"Will He?† His second name represents his low life character who can not gain success in his life. Linda is quite an intelligent and a supportive character and wants his children to support each other in

Synagogue Visit Essay Example for Free

Synagogue Visit Essay For me, to visit another place of worship other than a mosque was intriguing and exciting. I was curious to find out what a Jewish temple, oftentimes called synagogue, looked like and if it had any similarities to a Muslim mosque to which I am greatly accustomed to. Before going to the synagogue, I was given a few reminders or rules which I must observe while inside such as not putting the books on the floor because they are sacred, and that in the event that it did touch the floor, I must kiss it. I was also told that I did not need to recite their prayers with them and that I can politely refuse to wear a prayer shawl although men should wear a skull cap. I was also told that I cannot take pictures nor was I allowed to take out my cellular phone, which must be on silent mode. I had no problem in abiding by the rules as I was entering someone else’s sacred place and I would expect the same respect if a visitor was to come to my religion’s place of prayer. When I arrived at the synagogue, I instantly wondered if its location was also subject to the direction of a bigger temple. I cannot discount the fact that mosques are built in an angle allowing for the prayer hall to be facing the direction of the Mecca. But I was told that synagogues follow no tradition at all. But a smile crept through my face as I saw the Star of David (also known as the Megan Star) on the outside wall. I guess although their temple did not face a certain direction, they also placed a symbol of their faith outside their place of worship, just like the mosque bearing the crescent moon and star or the Catholics with the cross. As I entered the synagogue, I immediately noticed bowl-shaped cloths on the side. These are actually skull-caps for male visitors of the synagogue since Jewish men wear skull-caps everyday, but some of them only during prayers or while studying the Torah. A skull-cap is a sign of respect. I was about to take off my shoes when I realized that there was no shoe rack. And neither was there an ablution where cleansing and washing must be done. I learned that Jewish people do not take off their shoes when going inside their temple and they do not do any ceremonial washing right before prayers inside. Inside the synagogue, I keep thinking that they had so much furniture inside. I guess I am used to kneeling on the carpet for prayers, which is why the benches where the Jewish congregation sat were something new to me. There were chairs on all sides except for one side, the side wherein their altar was set-up. The Jewish altar is quite complicated for an outsider since it had many parts. On the wall was something like a closet, which is called the Ark. I learned that the Ark contains the Torah, which is like the Qur’an for the Muslims (or the Bible for the Catholics). The Torah is actually written on scrolls and these scrolls are covered by a breastplate and a mantle. The Ark is only opened during Sabbath day, wherein the community elders say a prayer before opening it. When the Torah is being read, a pointer called the Yad is used to follow the letters and words. On each side of the Ark are prayer boards written in Hebrew and right above the Ark I noticed that there is a replica of the Ten Commandments given by God to Moses. Right above the Ten Commandments is a lamp called the Ner Tamid. It is a symbol that God is omnipresent and it also shows the holiness of the Torah. In front of the Ark is a reading platform which is where the rabbi preaches and where the Torah is read. It is called a Bimah and it is lighted by seven-branched candlesticks called the Menorah but more often than not, it is just plain Sabbath candlesticks that are used during the Jewish Holy Day. I learned that there are two different candlesticks in Jewish tradition. These are actually kept at the back of the synagogue. One is the Menorah and the other is the Hannukiah. A Menorah is actually the candlestick used in the original Jewish temples and oils were put to light them. The Hanukkiah is a nine-branched candlestick with a Star of David on top which commemorates the Jewish holiday Hanukkah. It has nine branches instead of seven because on the night that the Jewish temple was desecrated, the olive oil used for the Menorah was calculated to last only one night and yet it miraculously burned for an additional eight more nights. Hence, the nine branches of the Hanukkiah. For orthodox Jews, only rabbis can lead the service and only men can be rabbis, in contrast with reformed Jews were in anyone can lead the service and even women can be rabbis. However, regardless of being orthodox or reformed Jews, there is no distinction as to the sitting arrangement in the synagogues. Right in front of the Bimah is the seats for the elders of the Jewish community. Behind and around them would sit the men. Women and children are not allowed to sit with the men of the community and so they are seated away from them towards the back or at a balcony above. Also noticeable are decorations nailed on each doorway. The decorations are called mezuzah, a container containing words from the Torah. At this point, it reminded me of the prayer carpets in mosques used as decorations. It seems that the Jewish also use holy things for their decorations, to be in-keeping with respect and sanctity of their place of worship. But the mezuzah is not only for the synagogues but also for Jewish homes and it is placed on each doorway except the doorway of the bathroom or toilet. Outside the synagogue there is also called the sukkah or a hut built for harvest. This is where the Jews pray and have meals. There is also a kitchen and it is kosher or clean according to Jewish laws. Meat and milk are separate and the parts of the kitchen are actually labeled so that the people will be reminded of where to place the meat or milk, thereby in keeping with Jewish laws. Also found in the kitchen is a special cabinet for things used during the Passover. This is to make sure that things used during the Passover is not mixed nor touches anything that has yeast in it, since things for Passover cannot touch anything that has yeast in it. I realized that a synagogue is similar to a mosque. Just like the skull-caps worn inside the synagogue, a spare head covering must be worn inside a mosque. We also have something like the Ark although it does not hold the Qur’an. It is the Mihrab which shows Muslims where to face during prayer, as it faces the direction of the Mecca. And just like the prayer boards around the Ark, a mosque has its own decorations around the Mihrab too like Arabic texts from the Qur’an and a picture of the cube inside the Mecca called the Ka’aba. Just as there are similarities, of course, there are also differences. I did not have to take off my shoes when I entered the synagogue and the carpet on the floor was used for walking on and not for kneeling in prayer. Neither does a mosque have a pulpit or the Bimah where a rabbi speaks. But more important than what I saw inside and outside the synagogue is the deeper realizations I had as a result of my synagogue visit. Each religion has its own place of worship and certain rules and proper decorum must be observed when visiting someone else’s place of worship. It is okay that I felt like a stranger in a place of worship or prayer other than your own and that is because I was a stranger to the place. I was a visitor. I watched my step, my every movement to make sure that I do not do anything that may be seen as a sign of disrespect. I did choose to visit a Jewish temple on a day that there was no service. Although I was told that it would be alright to attend the service and observe the Jewish day of prayer (and that they will not force me to pray with them), I did know my limits and personally did not want to intrude or disturb a very sacred religious practice. Each religion has its own beliefs, traditions and places of worship. And though there are many religions and each one believes in something different from the other religions, each religion must be treated with respect because if there is one common thing among all religions, it is believing in something higher and more powerful than the human being.

Home Schools V.S. Public Schools Essay -- Education Learning Papers

Home Schools V.S. Public Schools How would your life be different if you were home schooled? Perhaps you were. If not though, do you think that you would be on the same academic path that you are on now? In the case of Evenstar Perez, it made her life very different. Evenstar started out going to a public school from first grade through fifth, but it wasn’t until she entered into sixth grade that she began to be home schooled. Evenstar mentioned, â€Å"At first the transition was difficult because I was so used to the public schools system of doing things, but later I became better adapted.† When asked what advantages she felt she gained from her home school experience, Evenstar replied, â€Å"A lot.† She then went on to explain how she got ahead of students her age at public schools; â€Å"I got way ahead in my math classes. While most students in my grade at public schools were taking algebra, I was taking geometry.† Evenstar had the ability to experience both a public school a nd home school educational experience and stated that the home school experience allowed for more personal time and individual attention. She explained, â€Å"There is more time to study, you can work at your own pace, and you can get more done in the home school environment.† It becomes clear through talking with Evenstar that home schooling had a positive impact on her life. Presently in America, there are 1.5 million students who participate in home schooling. This amount constitutes for about 2.8% of all of the students that do not attend either a private or public school for the grades K-12 (Cai 1). It has been, and continues today, to be an ongoing debate over whether home schooling or public schooling offers a better education for a student. Ther... ... (2002): 1-15. Cartland, Jenifer, Ruch Ross, Holly S. Henry, and David B. Adolescence. â€Å"Feeling At Home In One’s School: A First Look At A New Measure.† Academic Search Premier. 38 (2003): 1-12. Eley, Mark G. â€Å"Making the Home School Connection.† Academic Search Premier. 59 (2002): 1-3. Raver, Cybele C. â€Å"Young Children’s Emotional Development and School Readiness.† Department of Education. (2003): 1-6. Ray, Brian D. â€Å"Customization Through Home Schooling.† Educational Leadership. 59 (2002): 1-6. Rivero, Lisa. â€Å"Progressive Digressions: Home Schooling For Self Actulization.† Roeper Review. 24 (2002): 1-12. Ryan, Kevin, and James M. Cooper. Those Who Can, Teach. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 2004. Sheehan, Michele. â€Å"Dancing With Monica: Personal Perceptions of a Home School Mom.† Roeper Review. 24 (2002): 1-11. Home Schools V.S. Public Schools Essay -- Education Learning Papers Home Schools V.S. Public Schools How would your life be different if you were home schooled? Perhaps you were. If not though, do you think that you would be on the same academic path that you are on now? In the case of Evenstar Perez, it made her life very different. Evenstar started out going to a public school from first grade through fifth, but it wasn’t until she entered into sixth grade that she began to be home schooled. Evenstar mentioned, â€Å"At first the transition was difficult because I was so used to the public schools system of doing things, but later I became better adapted.† When asked what advantages she felt she gained from her home school experience, Evenstar replied, â€Å"A lot.† She then went on to explain how she got ahead of students her age at public schools; â€Å"I got way ahead in my math classes. While most students in my grade at public schools were taking algebra, I was taking geometry.† Evenstar had the ability to experience both a public school a nd home school educational experience and stated that the home school experience allowed for more personal time and individual attention. She explained, â€Å"There is more time to study, you can work at your own pace, and you can get more done in the home school environment.† It becomes clear through talking with Evenstar that home schooling had a positive impact on her life. Presently in America, there are 1.5 million students who participate in home schooling. This amount constitutes for about 2.8% of all of the students that do not attend either a private or public school for the grades K-12 (Cai 1). It has been, and continues today, to be an ongoing debate over whether home schooling or public schooling offers a better education for a student. Ther... ... (2002): 1-15. Cartland, Jenifer, Ruch Ross, Holly S. Henry, and David B. Adolescence. â€Å"Feeling At Home In One’s School: A First Look At A New Measure.† Academic Search Premier. 38 (2003): 1-12. Eley, Mark G. â€Å"Making the Home School Connection.† Academic Search Premier. 59 (2002): 1-3. Raver, Cybele C. â€Å"Young Children’s Emotional Development and School Readiness.† Department of Education. (2003): 1-6. Ray, Brian D. â€Å"Customization Through Home Schooling.† Educational Leadership. 59 (2002): 1-6. Rivero, Lisa. â€Å"Progressive Digressions: Home Schooling For Self Actulization.† Roeper Review. 24 (2002): 1-12. Ryan, Kevin, and James M. Cooper. Those Who Can, Teach. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 2004. Sheehan, Michele. â€Å"Dancing With Monica: Personal Perceptions of a Home School Mom.† Roeper Review. 24 (2002): 1-11.

Human Inheritance Essay

Ethical dilemmas are constantly confronting healthcare professionals, which is difficult to deal with as there is no correct solution. These are also known as moral dilemmas as they are situations where there is more than two choices to make and none of the choices is certain to work and can cause complications. An example of this would be ‘You are a patient and are too sick to speak for yourself. You are concerned about who will make medical decisions on your behalf, and whether your wishes will be followed. You wonder, â€Å"What if they disagree about what I would want, or what would be best for me? ’. Another example of this would be with the economic downturn that you may not be able to afford the funds for food and need to feed your family but the only way in doing this is to steal or let your family starve. These dilemmas are impossible because each person thinks differently and has a different feeling towards it. There are ethical dilemmas surrounding IVF and in fertility. Infertility is a genetic problem that affects women; it is not the woman’s fault. With IVF the NHS only gives each woman one free cycle and after that she has to fund it herself. An ethical dilemma with IVF is the possible wrong that is done to the infertile couple or the expected child by the physician. The success of IVF depends on the number of embryos transferred to the woman’s uterus. Because the chance of survival of an embryo in IVF is small the more transfers made the greater the chance of the woman becoming pregnant, it also increases the risk of multiple pregnancies. IVF is not allowed by the Catholic Church because it separates the unitive and the procreative aspects of marriage. To separate the unitive and the procreative aspects of marriage is a mortal sin. In addition the sperm donor commits a mortal sin in order to harvest the sperm which is needed for IVF. Although one human life may be created through the IVF technique, many surplus foetuses, (unborn babies), are destroyed through this process. Other surplus unborn babies are left frozen in the laboratories where they were manufactured as though they were not human beings, but simply consumer goods. They were not created in love through the marriage act as God intends. Multiple births also create danger to the health and well-being of the child. Premature birth and low weight when born are also issues with this, also studies that have been undertaken spina bifida is at a higher risk with children made from IVF. Also the hormones that are taken by the female in order to become pregnant are always at risk of having problems or abnormalities to the unborn child. Aminiocentesis is another ethical dilemma, during the process if abnormalities are found the mother is offered the chance to terminate her pregnancy. The ethical issues surrounding amniocentesis are seen as centring on 4 focal points. First is the policy of the diagnostic treatment centre. Here, 2 questions arise: Is the client involved in a high-risk pregnancy? And, if a positive diagnosis is made, will the parents’ consent to an abortion? Second is the role of the genetic counsellor, which is seen as supportive rather than leading. He should assist the prospective parents in reaching a decision to undergo amniocentesis and possible abortion that is mutually acceptable. The prospective parents, the third focal point, may face the question of deciding what is normal. The clients must also realize the terrible strains that are put on a marriage into which a severely defective child has been born. The fourth focal point is public policy. While amniocentesis may appear to threaten some values held important in our society, the author regards the procedure as an interim solution on the road to an understanding of and ability to treat genetic defects. Contraception is another ethical dilemma as birth control operates before pregnancy begins, and until the sperm fertilises the egg there is nothing that is going to suffer loss and so the issue is very different from the case of abortion. And since the egg and sperm would cease to exist whether fertilisation takes place or not, they can’t be said to suffer loss, either. Non-religious arguments about birth control are therefore concerned only with the rights of the parents and with the consequences for those parents and for society in general. The issue of possibly killing a person, and of the rights of the mother versus the rights of the foetus, which dominate the topic of abortion, do not arise. Some people think it’s wrong as it is wrong to interfere with the natural order of the universe. People in certain religions also see it as wrong because of the fact that it is like abortion as some birth control techniques can operate by preventing the implantation and development of a fertilized egg. Those opposed to such methods say that this amounts to an abortion, and that if abortion is wrong then those forms of contraception must also be wrong. http://brendakaren. wordpress. com/2009/04/15/some-moral-and-ethical-issues-concerning-ivf-techniques/ http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/4418247 Contraception!!! http://www. bbc. co. uk/ethics/contraception/contraception_abortion. shtml

Education system Essay

Other major factor that impeded on development in Ireland is lack of education system that is responsive of development needs. According to Garvin, the education system that was present in Ireland in 1940’s and 1950’s were ‘archaic and clerical’ (Honohan, 352). The education system was laying more emphasis on professionalism rather than science and practical learning. Education system of any country is very important in its development efforts. The quality of labor force that a country has is directly proportional to the quality of education system that a country invests in. Labor factor is very important in economic production of a country and Ireland failed in building an education system that is responsive of economic growth and industrialization. The system did not inspire innovation and discovery and this held the country from seizing an opportunity to shift their economy from agricultural-based to an industrial-based. The education system also denied schooling to most young people beyond the age of 14 for decades until the revolution in education system that was pioneered by the Vocational Education Committee (VEC) in 1951 (Honohan, 350). Government’s lack of emphasis on education was evident as the Irish emigrants to the UK were seen to be of a very low educational standard. (Garvin, 193). Church has been at the centre stage in the Irish society. Most of Irish are staunch Catholics and thus church influence in the economic and social matters had been strong (Brown, 112). After independence, the Church in partnership with the government inherited the control of social services systems. Catholic Church has been important in provision of education, health and other social services in Ireland (Ibid, 132). According to Garvin, the Church was like a â€Å"second government† as it has command of civic life that went to the extent of vetoing policy proposals that government announced. Irish Catholic Church which commanded great authority in the way government was run and shaped attitudes of the society had an anti-economic mindset. The Church failed to guide the society and government into reform agenda that will liberalize the economy from decades of underdevelopment (Redmond, 101). The Church was opposed to modernization of education, which is a key factor in transition of the economy to a competitive one. The Church deliberately made effort to ‘block’ societal changes through scientific discovery and innovation, which would results to industrialization and urbanization, which the Church was uncomfortable with since they felt it will bring secularization and hence they lose their grip in the society. After independence, Britain conceded a major social role to the Catholic Church and a land settlement role. According to Garvin, this was uneconomic as it led to running of key resources in uneconomic way that resulted low production and development in the country (Garvin, 180).

How to Calculate the Variance of a Poisson Distribution

How to Calculate the Variance of a Poisson Distribution The variance of a distribution of a random variable is an important feature. This number indicates the spread of a distribution, and it is found by squaring the standard deviation. One commonly used discrete distribution is that of the Poisson distribution. We will see how to calculate the variance of the Poisson distribution with parameter ÃŽ ». The Poisson Distribution Poisson distributions are used when we have a continuum of some sort and are counting discrete changes within this continuum. This occurs when we consider the number of people who arrive at a movie ticket counter in the course of an hour, keep track of the number of cars traveling through an intersection with a four-way stop or count the number of flaws occurring in a length of wire. If we make a few clarifying assumptions in these scenarios, then these situations match the conditions for a Poisson process. We then say that the random variable, which counts the number of changes, has a Poisson distribution. The Poisson distribution actually refers to an infinite family of distributions. These distributions come equipped with a single parameter ÃŽ ». The parameter is a positive real number that is closely related to the expected number of changes observed in the continuum. Furthermore, we will see that this parameter is equal to not only the mean of the distribution but also the variance of the distribution. The probability mass function for a Poisson distribution is given by: f(x) (ÃŽ »x e-ÃŽ »)/x! In this expression, the letter e is a number and is the mathematical constant with a value approximately equal to 2.718281828. The variable x can be any nonnegative integer. Calculating the Variance To calculate the mean of a Poisson distribution, we use this distributions moment generating function. We see that: M( t ) E[etX] ÃŽ £ etXf( x) ÃŽ £etX ÃŽ »x e-ÃŽ »)/x! We now recall the Maclaurin series for eu. Since any derivative of the function eu is eu, all of these derivatives evaluated at zero give us 1. The result is the series eu ÃŽ £ un/n!. By use of the Maclaurin series for eu, we can express the moment generating function not as a series, but in a closed form. We combine all terms with the exponent of x. Thus M(t) eÃŽ »(et - 1). We now find the variance by taking the second derivative of M and evaluating this at zero. Since M’(t) ÃŽ »etM(t), we use the product rule to calculate the second derivative: M’’(t)ÃŽ »2e2tM’(t) ÃŽ »etM(t) We evaluate this at zero and find that M’’(0) ÃŽ »2 ÃŽ ». We then use the fact that M’(0) ÃŽ » to calculate the variance. Var(X) ÃŽ »2 ÃŽ » – (ÃŽ »)2 ÃŽ ». This shows that the parameter ÃŽ » is not only the mean of the Poisson distribution but is also its variance.

Christmas Truce of 1914 in World War I

Christmas Truce of 1914 in World War I The 1914 Christmas Truce occurred December 24 to 25 (in some places December 24 through January 1), 1914, during the first year of World War I (1914 to 1918). After five months of bloody fighting on the Western Front, peace descended over the trenches during the Christmas season of 1914. Though not endorsed by the high command, a series of informal truces occurred that saw troops on both sides celebrate together and enjoy singing and sporting events.   Background With the beginning of World War I in August 1914, Germany commenced the Schlieffen Plan. Updated in 1906, this plan called for German forces to move through Belgium with the intention of encircling French troops along the Franco-German border and winning a fast and decisive victory. With France knocked out of the war, men could be shifted east for a campaign against Russia. Put into motion, the first stages of the plan achieved success during the Battle of the Frontiers and the German cause was further enhanced by a stunning triumph over the Russians at Tannenberg in late-August. In Belgium, the Germans drove back the small Belgian Army and beat the French at the Battle of Charleroi as well as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons. A Bloody Autumn Falling back to the south, the BEF and French finally were able to halt the German advance at the First Battle of the Marne in early September. Stymied, the Germans retreated behind the Aisne River. Counterattacking at the First Battle of the Aisne, the Allies failed to dislodge the Germans and took heavy losses. Stalemated on this front, both sides began the Race to the Sea as they sought to outflank each other. Marching north and west, they stretched the front to the English Channel. As both sides fought for the upper hand, they clashed in Picardy, Albert, and Artois. Ultimately reaching the coast, the Western Front became a continuous line reaching to the Swiss frontier. For the British, the year concluded with the bloody First Battle of Ypres in Flanders where they sustained over 50,000 casualties. Peace on the Front After the heavy fighting of the late summer and fall of 1914, one of the mythic events of World War I occurred. The 1914 Christmas Truce began on Christmas Eve along the British and German lines around Ypres, Belgium. While it took hold in some areas manned by the French and Belgians, it was not as widespread as these nations viewed the Germans as invaders. Along the 27 miles of front manned by the British Expeditionary Force, Christmas Eve 1914 began as a normal day with firing on both sides. While in some areas firing began to slacken through the afternoon, in others it continued at its regular pace. This impulse to celebrate the holiday season amid the landscape of war has been traced to several theories. Among these was the fact that the war was only four months old and the level of animosity between the ranks was not as high as it would be later in the war. This was complemented by a sense of shared discomfort as the early trenches lacked amenities and were prone to flooding. Also, the landscape, aside from the newly dug trenches, still appeared relatively normal, with fields and intact villages all of which contributed to introducing a degree of civilization to the proceedings. Private Mullard of the London Rifle Brigade wrote home, we heard a band in the German trenches, but our artillery spoilt the effect by dropping a couple of shells right in the centre of them. Despite this, Mullard was surprised at sunset to see, trees stuck on top of the [German] trenches, lit up with candles, and all of the men sitting on top of the trenches. So, of course, we got out of ours and passed a few remarks, inviting each other to come over and have a drink and a smoke, but we did not like to trust each other at first. The Sides Meet The initial force behind the Christmas Truce came from the Germans. In most cases, this began with the singing of carols and the appearance of Christmas trees along the trenches. Curious, Allied troops, who had been inundated with propaganda depicting the Germans as barbarians, began to join in the singing which led to both sides reaching out to communicate. From these first hesitant contacts informal ceasefires were arranged between units. As the lines in many places were only 30 to 70 yards apart, some fraternization between individuals had taken place prior to Christmas, but never on a large scale. For the most part, both sides returned to their trenches later on Christmas Eve. The following morning, Christmas was celebrated in full, with men visiting across the lines and gifts of food and tobacco being exchanged. In several places, games of soccer were organized, though these tended to be mass kick abouts rather than formal matches. Private Ernie Williams of the 6th Cheshires reported, I should think there were about a couple of hundred taking part...There was no sort of ill-will between us. Amid the music and sports, both sides frequently joined together for large Christmas dinners. Unhappy Generals While the lower ranks were celebrating in the trenches, the high commands were both livid and concerned. General Sir John French, commanding the BEF, issued stern orders against fraternizing with the enemy. For the Germans, whose army possessed a long history of intense discipline, the outbreak of popular will among their soldiery was cause for worry and most stories of the truce were suppressed back in Germany. Though a hard line was taken officially, many generals took a relaxed approach seeing the truce as an opportunity to improve and re-supply their trenches, as well as scout out the enemys position. Back to Fighting For the most part, the Christmas Truce only lasted for Christmas Eve and Day, though in some areas it was extended through Boxing Day and New Years. As it ended, both sides decided on signals for the recommencement of hostilities. Reluctantly returning to war, the bonds forged at Christmas slowly eroded as units rotated out and the fighting became more ferocious. The truce had largely worked due to a mutual feeling that the war would be decided at another place and time, most likely by someone else. As the war went on, the events of Christmas 1914 became increasing surreal to those who had not been there.

Determining HRIS Needs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Determining HRIS Needs - Research Paper Example Though the adoption of technology in HR department has exhibited a whole range of advantages in managing firms’ human resource, technological advancement equally poses a wide range of challenges that span ethical, financial as well as legal implications. Technological advancement within the field of HR presupposes higher skills for the staff. Moreover, the staff in the firm wholesomely expects higher levels of accessing data than was the case before adopting the HRIS. This therefore shows that in adoption of these systems, there is a need for proper future planning. There may be some requirements for changes in technology or government regulations in the future, which in the event of unpreparedness may adversely affect the firm. Such planning needs are: need for caution in incorporating the ever-dynamic social media as tools of recruitment. New applications as well as legislations keep showing up hence the need for a better system that would accommodate the dynamics. There is the need to adopt systems that can easily expansion and reporting requirements as stipulated by different legislations and government regulations, as this will always keep changing. Taking caution on the use of hosted approaches through which firms rent services from other service providers or unreliable software. Technological advancement may face out the software in use thus lending the organization helpless. While taking long range planning for these HRIS, an organization should also be aware of the changing trends within the HR practices where records are showing that managers are adopting HR systems through which analysis of individual employee performance can be monitored and evaluated. This will assist in the choice for the most appropriate systems to minimize costs of revising and changing. Finally, long range planning will take into account transparency challenges where the system adopted should ascertain confidentiality of personal information. This is especially important with the technological awareness that is currently exhibited (Johnson and Gueutal, nd, 4-6). HRIS requires periodical analysis. There are the advantages that make the methods more appropriate than others. However, it is worth noting that the methods exhibit major setbacks and can thus not ascertain accurate measurements. Error-some data may result from the drawbacks that are associated with data collection faults associated go these methods. Apart from the limitation of time, both focus group as well as the interview method is limited in costs, human resource requirements and language barrier (U.S. General Accounting Office, 1991, 40-66). On matters of costs, interviews as well as the focus groups require the services of one on one questioning for the purpose of focus groups while the interviews may be over the communication media as well as the one on one interview. These two cases require a lot of funding as compared to other methods as the secondary data. In relation to human re source, the interview method and the focus group methods both require the services of competent personnel. In the instance of poor personnel, the data collected is inaccurate while the reverse is true. On matters of language, it is seen as a critical disadvantage because the two methods of collecting data requires some form of communication; either written or better still the oral communication. In the instance of differences in language, communication would not take place and in the process, no data at all will be collected. From the above analysis, the

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business ethics - Essay Example Application of ethics into businesses has expanded the role of businesses in the economy. According to the classical economic theory however, the firms are driven by the primary objective to maximize profits while consumers are driven by the primary objective to maximize the self satisfaction which is known as utility. Hence the producers and consumers in the economy are motivated by profits and losses as measured in terms of dollars and cents rather than any moral value. Moreover, such profit maximizing production procedures may not be the ethical approach when the social and environmental concerns are addressed. Therefore, a theoretical ambiguity appears in what is the ethical conduct in business. When a company rigidly adheres to a marketing policy which focuses only on short run benefits it can suffer severe economic losses in the long run (Ferrell et al., 2012). Example, marginal declining of value of housing assets in the USA market ended up resulting in bankruptcy of Lehman Br others in the USA and BNP Paribas in France. Laiki Bank in Cyprus also ended up in bankruptcy as a result of unethical business strategies. In other words attempting profit out of thin year caused the recent financial market failure. Moreover, negligence of duty can result in lives lost to the society as well as losses to the companies (Guerra, 2013). An ethical dilemma is created when an individual company, a community or consumers are not in control of all the factors that influence their choices example, when the government interventions in open market operations lead certain companies into bankruptcy. Government interventions in the markets are identified in terms of price subsidizing, taxing, and imposing trade barriers which are aimed at achieving specific developmental goals, national food security and self sufficiency, reducing poverty, reducing market power and protecting the public goods. However, there are noneconomic, political motivations for interfering in the markets by the government example, for financing a war. Moral Issues in Financial Market Failures Banking failure is defined as a situation in which banks are closed from operation because of the financial difficulties (Gunsel, 2007). There can be a number of bad monetary policies which may cause banking failure. A number of moral issues also arise relevant to bank failures. For example, banks operate according to the policies which are set by the government i.e. policies are defined in the bank’s external environment. Even though an individual firm may foresee its bankruptcy it can have little to no control over the tragic destiny lying ahead. Government intervening in markets is identified as a market failure in neo-classical economics theory because it can disrupt the optimal resource allocation and create deadweight loss to the social welfare. Free market structure is identified as the most efficient economy. The three case studies described in the following chapter bare evidence s as to how bad fiscal and monetary policies can result in bankruptcy of the firms. Not only the external policy environment but unethical firm level policies can also lead companies into bankruptcy. The recent Subprime Mortgage Crisis Friedman, 2009, describes the cause of global financial crisis which occurred during the past decade in terms of following government interv

Ideologies Aimed at Understanding the External World and Essay

Ideologies Aimed at Understanding the External World and Commercialization of Culture and Emergence of Cults in Popular Culture - Essay Example According to the research the interpretation of the external world hinges on the clear understanding of reality and perception. From a philosophical standpoint, knowledge starts with the experience of the external world through the senses—from the smelling of a fruit or the hearing of a child’s laughter. It is through the sense-data obtained (the scent of the fruit or the laughter of the child) that man is able to know the things around him. Knowledge, in this sense, is formed when man mentally creates judgments about his experiences (the smell of the fruit is sweet or the laughter of the child is loud). The problem between reality and perception stemmed from simple yet essential questions: (1) is the knowledge obtained through sense-experience true? How can man assure himself that what he perceives to be real is aligned with what is actually real? According to a philosopher named Bertrand Russell, reality exists—an objective space where all objective objects are orderly situated. Man is able to obtain knowledge about these objects, firstly, through the experience provided by his senses; and secondly, through the judgment created by his mind on such experience. The mental concept that is constructed is thus called perception. In this light, Russell deemed that man cannot exactly grasp reality since his senses do not possess the facets that would allow for him to capture these objects completely and purely. Essentially, however, man’s inquiry toward the external world reinforces an interesting insight about his nature—the desire to know. ... Two General Worldviews about the External World As mentioned previously, man’s ultimate goal is to understand the nature of the external world not only by acquiring truths about it, but also by evaluating the mental and physical processes he employs. In this sense, we begin by examining the two contrasting practices of knowledge creation that are geared toward explaining the nature of the external world: objective empiricism and hermeneutic empiricism. Both worldviews provide philosophical and scientific studies about the external world. A. Objective Empiricism Objective empiricism assumes that various phenomena in the external world are naturally configured to be perceptually accessible but autonomous of perceptions of man. Since the objective characteristics of these phenomena are independent of mental judgments, reality is thus delivered completely and purely to the perceiving man. Empiricism of this sort is often regarded to be grounded on materialism—that which adv ances the appreciation of physical objects as the premier exemplar of the real, as Anderson (1996) states. As posited by objective empiricism, as man moves the focus of his inquiries away from the nature of physical objects and into the cognitive construction of meaning, he loses the ability to empirically validate the judgments he made since the physical objects are absent from his analysis. Aside from being directly linked to materialism, objective empiricism is also associated with reductionism, which further breaks down the nature of physical objects into one single field of knowledge. Through this, Anderson (1996) believes that reductionism becomes the basis for the unity-of-science hypothesis. This hypothesis

Market and business analysis of Cadburys

Market and business analysis of Cadburys Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum and candy brands. The company employs around 50,000 people and has direct operations in over 60 countries, selling their products in almost every country around the world. The company creates brands people love, brands like Cadbury, Trident and Halls. The company heritage starts back in 1824 when John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham selling cocoa and chocolate. Since then Cadbury have expanded the business throughout the world by a program of organic and acquisition leg growth. On 7 May 2008, the separation of Cadbury confectionery and Americas Beverages business was completed creating Cadbury plc with a vision to be the worlds Biggest and Best confectionery company. Mission Statement Cadbury means quality this is the company promise. The company reputation is built upon quality; the company commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that the company promise is delivered. Cadbury has established itself as a company of fairness and integrity, which always attempts to operate as a socially responsible business. Value Performance Cadbury is passionate about winning. The company competes in a tough but fair way. The company is striving, hardworking and makes the most of the abilities. The company is prepared to take risks and act with speed. Quality Cadbury put quality and safety at the heart of all of the activities such as product, people, partnerships and performance. Respect Cadbury genuinely care for the business and the colleagues which like listen, understand and respond. The company is open, friendly and welcoming. The company embraces new ideas and diverse customs and cultures. Integrity Cadbury always strive to do the right thing. The company does the business with honesty; openness and being straight forward characterize the way. Responsibility Cadbury take accountability for the social, economic and environmental impact. In this way the company aims to make the business, partners and communities better for the future. Cadbury Business Principles are the code of conduct of the company and also take account of global and local cultural and legal standards. They confirm the company commitment to the highest standards of ethics and business conduct. The core purpose of the company is creating brands people love. The core purpose captures the spirit of what the company is trying to achieve as a business. Market Share By participant, the market is relatively fragmented, with the five largest confectionery companies accounting for around 40% of the market. There are a large number of companies which participate in the markets only a regional or local basis. Cadbury compete against multinational, regional and national companies. The graph shows that Cadbury is the second highest of the total confectionery in the market share. Halls is the largest brands in candy of Cadbury. Cadbury have number one and number two confectionery market position in 20 of the worlds 50 largest confectionery markets by retail sales value. Financial statement The graph shows the financial situation of Cadbury from 2006 to 2009. As we can see in the graph, the revenue is reached  ¿Ã‚ ¡5975 million is year 2009 which is slightly increase about 5% from year 2008. In operating income, year 2009 is the highest compare to previous year which is  ¿Ã‚ ¡507 million. Last but not least, year 2009 having 9% of the operating margin which is slightly increase from year 2008. As a conclusion, In year 2009, the performance is pretty well compare to the previous year due to there a keep increase since year 2006 to 2009. PESTLE implication Political The political deals with government influence. The main laws that will affect Cadburys are the consumer protection law. These are the laws and the recent changes in food labeling. The food labeling shouldnt be too influence as Cadburys has label all their goods properly to begin with. Change in manufacturing law will also greatly influence Cadburys as the company may have to change the way to product the cereal. This could lead to the introduction of new mechanical equipment being required or more thorough checks on the current equipment. If new equipment is required if could prove to be very expensive. The Weight and Measures Act, this act should not affect Cadburys since the company have all the equipment and scales used should already be at that of the highest standard. The Trade Description Act, this again should not affect Cadburys due to all the labeling on the products should be correct and thorough giving all the ingredients. The Sale of Good Act, these state that Cadburys should not mislead the consumer. These are currently three conditions. If the government was to introduce a few more it could prove to affect Cadburys. Economic The state of the economy is the main factor. It the country was to go into recession the consumer spending would also drop due to the unemployment. The recession would bring down the sales of a lot of goods mainly the expensive things, which are not necessity. The current economy is well. The interest rates are low and consumer spending is very high. Other economic factor that could affect Cadburys launching a product would be a rise in inflation. This is a rise in price over time. Social If the population size decreased then Cadburys be less people to buy the products therefore less profit.  · If peoples lifestyles changed. For example, nowadays more people wanting to get fit and lose weight, then they will stop eating chocolate and spend their money on gym memberships and others. This means that Cadburys profits will decrease. Technological An increase in capital expenditure will affect Cadburys. For example, more up to date equipment would mean that the goods where produced quicker and cheaper but would also result in job losses. In research and development, keep developing new products to keep up with competition and customer needs. Legal More legislation in place to make sure that the workplace is safe and the worker is better protected. Expensive costs to Cadburys to implement Environment Cadbury launched a corporate social responsibility Web site called DearCadbury.com, which provides consumers information on ethical sourcing, responsible consumption and the environment. The site features Cadburys 2007/08 Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability report, which revealed that the company has reduced carbon emissions almost 4 % to date; Cadbury is aiming for a 10 % reduction by 2010. As part of Cadburys Purple Goes Green program, the company committed to a 50 % absolute reduction in carbon emissions by 2020. Cadbury also reported that it has met its 2007 goal of reducing water use by 10 % Competitors situation and SWOT analysis Cadburys major competitors are Thorntons, Lindt, Lindor, Nestle, Master food (Mars) and others. They are competing directly with Cadbury. Nestle is one of the Cadburys main competitor in the market. Nestle is one of the worlds largest food manufacturer, Nestlà ©s headquarters in Switzerland and based in 200 countries worldwide. It is renowned as the worlds leading nutrition and health based company. Nestle grows is product line through innovation as well as renovation and maintains a balance on its geo-environmental activities and product lines. They have 253,000 employees around the world. Cadburys SWOT Strengths The largest global confectionery supplier, with 9.9% of global market share. High financial strength Strong manufacturing competence, established brand name and leader in innovation. Advantage that it is totally focused on chocolate, candy, chewing gum, unique understanding of consumer in these segment. Successfully grown through its acquisition strategy. Weakness The company is dependent on the confectionery and beverage market. Other competitors have greater international experience. Opportunities Expand into new markets. Increase share through targeted acquisitions. Key to survival within the FMCG market is increasing efficiency and reducing costs. Innovation Is key driver. Threat Worldwide, there is an increasingly demanding cost environment, particularly for energy, transport, packaging and sugar. Competitive pressure from other branded suppliers. Social changes. Nestlà ©s SWOT Strengths Globally recognized as one of the largest and powerful food producer, covering almost every country. Quality is a vital element regarding nestle products. Strong internal growth and emphasis on innovation internally. Powerful brand positioning in the consumers mind. The decentralized culture in the organization encourages employees. Weakness The immense diversification portfolio of the firm makes it impossible to run every division smoothly. Retailers do not get set high margin to increase more in sales. Transportation as well as storage problem. Opportunities Invest in snacks that would further diversify its product. Provide incentives to the retailers to increase sales volume. Open cafà © that would exclusively provide Nestle products. Middle class share in most of the economies are growing much larger. Threats Pollution of product should be regarded strictly. The company has not so pretty history with the FDA. Tough market with a tougher competitor for gaining market share. Market is quite mature and the competitors specialize in a certain product that can hit hard on Nestle. In comparison of Cadburys SWOT and Nestlà ©s SWOT, Cadbury Strength against Nestle Weakness Cadbury is a brand that is a leader in innovation of products, that focuses on candy, chocolate, that satisfies the various taste of consumers whereas Nestle has a wide range of portfolio of products that exceeded the management skill and man power to manage a smooth and effective management of product. The advantage of Cadbury in the market share has given them the priority in determining the price of their products, whereas the price of Nestle product is depending on the market that they venture and they cannot set price of product that is too high that is not the interest of consumer. Nestle has also problem in locating and distributing the product due to developing countries that has poor communication and network skill between the people. Cadbury Weakness against Nestle Strength Cadburys main weakness is its international inexperience in distributing and expanding its product, whereas Nestle has the most experience in distributing and expanding of their product due to the coverage of its product is over the world. Other Cadburys weakness will be the dependant of the company on too little product line which is beverages and confectionery product unlike Nestle which having lots of the product line like drinks, snack and food that can generate the profit made. Opportunities of Cadbury and Nestle Cadbury can venture into new market to diversify their products into different sector is snack food. Nestle has also look into opening new Nestle cafà © that specialize in selling Nestle products and also promoting new products. Cadbury has to come up with more creative chocolate products to maintain its competitiveness in the market. Nestle should also reduce the portfolio of brands that cost losses to the company and focuses the skilled managers on brands that are generating sales. Threats that is face by Cadbury and Nestle Manufacturing of Nestle product has produce wastage of energy, Nestle has to improve their technology in reducing the pollution to the environment. Cadbury is also widely exposure to competition from other brands of chocolate such as Hersheys because of new product that is more innovative. Chocolate ingredients increase in price will also cost Cadbury in expenditure to purchase the product. Nestle has to improve their brand in the breakfast cereal market because it has been claim to be containing fake health benefits, more cash has to be waste to reposition their product. Market objective Environment objective Specific Aim to reduce carbon emissions Reducing water use Measureable Reduce the carbon emissions by 14% Reducing water use by 12% Achievable Improve the manufacture technology Realistic To invest new technology to save production cost. Chocolate industry have brighten future in UK and Cadbury is leading industry therefore Cadbury is able to invest new technology. Timely In year 2012, the carbon emissions has reduce 18% and reduce water use 14% compare to previous years. In this objective is aim to reduce carbon emissions and reducing water use. Due to the issues of carbon emissions can be reduce their cost of production such as replacing air compressors can be saving electrical cost and reduce the water consumption in their steam used during processing and for cleaning. To reduce water consumption, company must look for new technology of machine to reduce the water consumption. Other than that, reduce the resources of these can be helping company to save cost and protect of natural resources. In the measurement, Cadbury aim to reduce the carbon emissions by 14% and reducing water use by 12%. To achieve this objective, company must be improve the manufacture technology such as membrane technology to reduce the natural resources. Due to the background of the company, Cadbury are able to invest new technology to reduce the resources and it can be save cost when they producing chocolate. By the year of 2012, Cadbury aim in reduce 28% of carbon emissions and reduce 14% of water use compare to previous years. Societal Specific Introduce new product Create new lifestyle for Children Measureable Introduce the diet chocolate Create more children activities Achievable Strong human resources Improve RD department Realistic The improvement of CSR program. Timely In year 2012, increase the brand awareness. As for societal, Cadbury will introduce more new product in market. Children are one the largest market for Cadbury, Cadbury planning to create a new lifestyle for children. By measure, New product such as diet chocolate have potential of getting large market, the main reason is due to local citizen are getting more concern about the health. Diet chocolate is suitable for citizen concern their health. As for lifestyle of children, create more activities for children, activity such as education will help children learn more knowledge. To achieve the target, Cadbury must have strong human resources, only good employee will provide the better performance. RD department also must improve, to have more sales, product for health are very important such as diet chocolate. In realistic, improvement of CSR program is to gain more believe and loyalty from purchaser. By estimation, year 2012 will achieve the objective of societal. Brand awareness will be increase by the support of this objectiv e. Financial objective Specific Growth of revenue in UK Increase total confectionery share gain Measureable To growth 5% of revenue compare to previous years Growth in global market share and increase share in the UK by 50 bps Achievable Carry out a number of advertisements in the market and online. Realistic The revenue is keep increasing compare to previous years. Timely In year 2012, the revenue has to be 15% increase compare to year 2009. In this objective is aim to growth of revenue in UK and increase total confectionery market share. To increase the revenue and market share, Cadbury must carry out more advertisements such as produce different type of packaging to target public event. For examples, in Christmas Cadbury produce hamper for consumers as a Christmas gifts to exchange gifts with friends. In this measurement, Cadbury aim to increase 5% of revenue and increase market share in global market by 50 bps in UK. To achieve this objective, Cadbury organize more events to promote their new packaging such as Christmas hamper on the period before Christmas. In this event, Cadbury could increase sales. Due to the capital of company, Cadbury is able to produce new packaging to their product. By year of 2012 the revenue could increase 15% compare to previous years. Marketing strategy Product Cadbury dairy milk is made from real chocolate. The ingredients for the chocolate are cocoa butter and there is a glass and half full cream daily milk in every 200 grams of Cadbury daily milk chocolate. Cadbury purchase 65 million liters of fresh milk each year to make Cadbury daily milk chocolate. Price Price is very important in the marketing mix. The price changed for a chocolate bar can be affect whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. Price is also can be affected by factors such as the state of economy, what competitor are doing. The stage reached in product life cycle and above all what price the market will accept. Form the marketing point of view this is what matters. Place Cadbury products are produced at the chocolate factory in Bourneville in Birmingham. After the chocolate is produced, it will go through all quality check and transported to the stockrooms. The following, Cadbury sells the products to shops that deal with beverage and confectionery such as convenient store, super store, petrol station, and others. This kind of distributions can make consumer easy to find the product. Cadbury produces chocolate for more than 200 countries so that they have a chance to enjoy it as well and make profit. Because of this, Cadbury have a wide range of consumer around the world. Promotion The purpose of promotion is to communicate directly with potential or existing customer, in order to encourage them to purchase dairy milk and recommend it to others. There is various ways to promote the product such as TV advertisement, banner on the internet, magazine and newspapers. Forecast and Implication 3-years forecast and budget 2009 2010 2011 2012 Sales 5975 6273.75 6587.44 6916.81 Cost 3210 3370.5 3539.03 3715.98 Profit 509 534.45 561.17 589.23